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Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes body systems to heightened responses to everyday activities that stress the cardiovascular (CV) system. The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of a one-time exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES) on the post...

There are many monitoring programs that seek to measure toxicant exposure by collecting environmental samples and analyzing for organic and inorganic contaminants in the marine environment. However, monitoring programs tend to collect either marine sediments or mussels to quantif...

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, aka GenX) is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class and a high-profile contaminant of emerging concern. Elevated levels of HFPO-DA have been detected in multiple environmental matrices and treated ...

ABSTRACT Background: GenX (CAS: 62037-80-3) is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class and a high-profile contaminant of emerging concern. Recent environmental monitoring efforts have identified elevated levels of GenX in surface water, air, and...

Allergic hypersensitivity represents a significant public health problem. Consequently, it is imperative that toxicologists possess a fundamental understanding of hypersensitivity responses. This lecture will provide graduate students studying toxicology at UNC Chapel Hill with a...

Air pollution is a complex mixture of particulates, gases, and aldehydes. As such, attributing health effects to specific air pollutants in a given ambient air shed and identifying plausible biological mechanisms can be difficult when pollutants are studied in isolation. Here, we...

Numerous chemicals are proposed to produce non-receptor/ion-channel mediated neurotoxic responses through adverse interactions with intracellular proteins and macromolecules. These molecular initiating events may induce an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that can hinder synaptic ne...

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) often requires expertise from environmental assessors, hydrologists, economists, and others to analyze the benefits of regional and national policy decisions related to changes in water quality. This led EPA to develop two integral co...

This chapter analyzes the data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis compiled by IARC’s recent Review of Human Carcinogens. It identifies ten “key characteristics” of agents that cause cancer in humans.

The evaluation of potential alternatives for chemicals of concern (CoC) requires an understanding of their potential human health and environmental impacts during the manufacture, use, recycle and disposal life stages. During the manufacturing phase, the processes used to produce...

Coral reefs worldwide have degraded during the last five decades. Protection of reefs is challenging because of the many watershed, coastal and oceanic stressors that affect them. There are numerous actions that can be taken to reduce coral reef stressors, but implementation nece...

Background: Literature based chemical assessments have adopted systematic review methods and systematic maps to ensure rigor, transparency, and identification of all the evidence relevant to answering a question. This is a significant semantic challenge because different communit...

Social scientists at EPA-ORD-AED conduct a range of different research efforts in southern New England and beyond. This presentation will discuss broadly three of these efforts in terms of their methods and use in the local context. The three projects that we will be discussing a...

Prenatal exposure to ozone has been linked to low birth weight in people and fetal growth restriction in rats. Clinical recommendations suggest use of low dose aspirin to lower risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction in high-risk pregnancies, yet its utility in m...

The amount of citizen science activities, applications and data have increased exponentially in the last few years. Fortunately, most of this data has been digitized, or is collected electronically through smart phone applications and websites, so that it is quickly archived and...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating methods to screen and prioritize organophosphorus (OP) pesticides for developmental toxicity and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). One of those methods uses larval zebrafish. Developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larva...

Evaluating the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in ARPE-19 Cells Through High Content Morphometric Analysis A. Goldstein-Plesser, J. Nyffeler, C. Willis, J. Harrill, W. Boyes Efficient methods are needed to evaluate the human and environmental health effects of silver nanoparticl...

Gene expression signatures of DNA damage-inducing (DDI) agents can be used as mechanistic markers of genotoxicity for in vitro hazard identification. Indeed, the TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker can accurately distinguish DDI from non-DDI exposures based on changes in the express...

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular disease. The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and measures of lipoprotein subtractions remains unclear. Therefore, we examined...

Prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US increased by 74% from 2000 to 2013, with a 5-year survival of 42%. To investigate the role of the broader environment on ESRD survival time, we evaluated both average distance to the nearest hospital by county (as a surrogate...

At present, including failed attempts, it takes about 15 years and costs totaling up to $2.6 billion to take a promising new compound from laboratory to the market. Increasing drug resistance among microbial pathogens has led to a growing interest in exploring novel methods to en...

Assessments of the environmental behavior of highly hydrophobic nonionic organic chemicals have large uncertainties because the models used to predict their behavior were parameterized using training sets of chemicals with much lower hydrophobicities. Bioaccumulation of a few hi...

Purpose Biochars have the potential to reclaim mine-impacted soils; however, their variable physico-chemical properties incite speculation about their successful remediation performance. This investigation examined the capability of biochars produced from three different feedsto...

The potential mammalian hepatotoxicity of nanomaterials was explored in dose-response and structure-activity studies in human hepatic HepG2 cells exposed to between 10 and 1000 &mu;g/ml of five different CeO2, three SiO2, and one TiO2-based particles for 3 days. Various biochemic...

Arsenic exposure has been associated with numerous diseases ranging from cancers of the bladder, skin and lung, to metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, low birth weights, and ...